Summary The purpose of this guide is to demonstrate the proper method for preparing a zeta potential validation sample used for checking the performance of the NanoBrook ZetaPlus, ZetaPALS, 90PlusPALS, and Omni instrumentation. The BI-ZR5 validation material is a dark blue, inorganic powder that is insoluble in water. It has a mean particle size of […]
In the previous entry in this series of papers on particle size and size distribution, the main features of the differential and cumulative size distribution functions were defined and discussed using continuous distributions. Continuous distributions can be measured approximately in fractionation experiments† where, for example, data is taken every second as fractionated slices of the […]
Particle size distribution data can be presented numerically (tabular format) or graphically. When presented graphically, there are two types: differential and cumulative. They are related. If one differentiates the cumulative distribution curve, the differential distribution is obtained. If one integrates the differential distribution curve, the cumulative distribution is obtained. Differential Distribution The differential distribution shows […]
What is Static Light Scattering? Static light scattering (SLS) is a technique that leverages high precision photon counting to measure size, molecular weight, and other structural parameters. Common samples include synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, biomolecules, and other macromolecules. SLS makes extensive use of extrapolation, typically with respect to scattering angle, concentration, or in the case of […]
In order for DLS data to be relatable to a physically meaningful parameter, frequently size, it is necessary to know a number of other parameters describing either the solvent, measurement conditions, or the configuration of a given hardware system. Brookhaven fully supports export of raw data, specially DLS autocorrelation functions, for fitting using more advanced algorithms. […]
Summary Liposomes are a common system used to encapsulate and deliver bioactive cargo molecules. In contrast to simple emulsions (oil-in-water or water-in-oil), these lipid vesicles are composed of well-defined bilayer structures and have aqueous interiors. These bilayers encircle the molecule of interest, often proteins or oligonucleotides such as DNA or RNA. These vesicle structures are inherently […]
Summary An industrial carbon black sample was used for the purpose of demonstrating the efficacy of the Brookhaven Instruments DCP. Due to the intrinsically differential nature of the results, it is possible to identify the existence of multiple species even from raw, uncorrected results. The basis of this technique is sedimentation, meaning that larger particles […]
Both disc centrifuges separate particles according to size and density, making these methods ideal for high-resolution particle sizing. The Disc Centrifuge Photosedimentometer (DCP) uses visible light for detection, whereas the X-Ray Disc Centrifuge (XDC) uses a compact X-Ray source. Despite different sources of contrast, the two techniques both operate on similar principles. In both cases, […]
The baseline index, abbreviated as BI, is a metric that can be used to quantify the impact of dust contamination on a given DLS measurement. Within the vernacular of light scattering, dust is often loosely defined, referring to any minor component too large to properly disperse, moving due to gravity, rather than Brownian motion.
The majority of modern performance polymers are designed to enhance a particular material property. A number of high-profile engineering plastics, resins, and gels are made from these kinds of precursors. Light scattering can be used to solve many of the unique problems encountered when working with unusual functional plastics and associated polymeric precursors.